Selection and structural arrangement of steel structure
In the steel structure design of the whole process should be stressed is the concept of "design", it is especially important during the selection and arrangement of structure. It is difficult to make accurate analysis for some reason or specification does not specify, but mechanical relationship between the basis from the overall structure of system and system failure mechanism, the design thought for damage, experimental phenomena and engineering experience, from a global perspective to determine the control structure of the layout and detailing measures. In the early stage, it is easy to carry out the conception, comparison and selection, and the structure scheme is easy to calculate, the mechanical behavior is clear, and the structure is correct. At the same time, it is also the main basis to judge whether the output data is reliable or not.
The steel structure is often framed, plane truss, truss (shell), film, light steel, tower mast structure. Most of its theories and technologies are mature. Part of the problem is not solved, or there is no simple and practical design methods, such as the stability of reticulated shells. When the structure is selected, the characteristics of different structural forms should be considered. In industrial plants, when there is a large suspension load or a wide range of moving load, you can consider giving up the portal frame and the use of grid. Basic snow pressure big area, roof curve should be helpful for snow slide (tangent 50 degrees without considering the snow load), such as Ya Dong cement limestone shed the three circular shell, total snow load and slope roof release compared to nearly half. Areas with similar rainfall. When the building is permitted, it is better to have the support in the frame than the simple rigid frame. In the building with large span, the cable or cable membrane structure is the most important component. High-rise steel structure design, often using steel concrete composite structure in high earthquake intensity or very irregular high-rise, not only for the economy to select against seismic core tube framed form. It is necessary to choose the surrounding giant SRC column, the core of the framework structure of the support system. More than half of China's top level for the former, the adverse earthquake.
The layout of the structure should be considered according to the characteristics of the system, the load distribution and the nature. Generally speaking, the stiffness is even, the mechanical model is clear, as far as possible to limit the influence of large load or moving load, so that it can be transferred to the foundation by the most direct route. Column support of the lateral distribution should be uniform. The center should be as close to the lateral force (wind, earthquake) line of action. You should consider the structure of the reverse. The side of the structure should be multi line defense. For example, if there is a braced frame structure, the column should be able to withstand at least 1/4 of the total horizontal force. The floor of the frame structure of the secondary beam layout, and sometimes can adjust the direction of load transfer to meet different requirements. Usually in order to reduce the cross section along the short time to decorate beam, but it will make the girder section increase, reduce the floor height of the top edge of the pillar, sometimes too much, the beams of the main girder is shorter on the secondary beam and beam column to keep the sacrifice.
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